Cadillac unveils Obama’s ‘Beast’, the 2009 Presidential State Car

April 23rd, 2021

Saturday, January 17, 2009

The US Secret Service has released the first photos Wednesday of the new presidential limousine that will transport Barack Obama down Pennsylvania Avenue next Tuesday as part of the 56th Presidential inaugural parade after he is sworn in at the Capitol. The First Limo – the 2009 Cadillac Presidential Limousine – will replace President Bush’s Cadillac DTS Presidential Limousine that rolled out in 2004.

Nicknamed “The Beast”, the hulking machine is a new model year 2009, modified limousine. According to General Motors, the new “2009 Cadillac Presidential Limousine” is the first not to carry a specific model name. The Obama Mobile was introduced on January 14 with noticeably different styling borrowed from the Cadillac Escalade and STS, while the suspension is most likely related to the Chevrolet Kodiak medium-duty truck.

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Mr. David Caldwell of General Motors has revealed that the sleek black car would include a hand-crafted interior and “state of the art electronics.” The car’s high-tech security features include five-inch-thick (12.7-centimeter-thick) bombproof glass, tough-as-nails tires, and a sealed interior that’s invulnerable to chemical attack. The armoured limousine has been heavily modified to withstand potential attacks by weapons or bombs. The San Francisco Chronicle puts it in a proper perspective noting, “a half-inch of transparent armor is enough to stop a .44 Magnum round at point-blank range; at a thickness of 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches, the same material can withstand higher-velocity bullets fired from military assault rifles.”

According to spy photographer, Brenda Priddy, and General Motors, the limousine, which has the intricate, dual-textured grille, is also equipped with standard Goodyear Regional RHS truck tires in a 285/70R19.5 size, on 19.5-inch wheels. The rims have a run-flat device (manufactured by Hutchinson Industries). Xenon headlights from the Escalade are installed in the front, while the rear has some STS part. The doors are at least 20 centimeters (8 inches) thick. It carries the US flag on the front fenders and an embroidered Seal of the President of the United States is affixed to several panels in the back.

According to the US Secret Service, the vehicle would be a “valuable asset” in providing the President with the highest level of protection. “Although many of the vehicle’s security enhancements cannot be discussed, it is safe to say that this car’s security and coded communications systems make it the most technologically advanced protection vehicle in the world,” Nicholas Trotta, Assistant Director for the Office of Protective Operations said in a statement. The new limousine is the responsibility of White House Transportation Agency.

One of the specifications is that we don’t talk about the specifications.

The Presidential State Car is the official state car used by the President of the United States. It is informally known as “Cadillac One”. The current Presidential State Car is a 2005 hand-crafted, armored, and stretched DTS (DeVille Touring Sedan) built on a GM four-wheel drive platform. It was first used on the second inauguration parade of George W. Bush in 2005. But the version to be used by President Obama uses a GMC Topkick chassis, while maintaining the Cadillac exterior.

The President of the United States travels in one of two armoured Cadillac limousines based upon the normal sedan, the Cadillac DTS, with heavy customisation. Lincoln cars have also been used in the past, most notably by President John F Kennedy. The current limousines were custom-built by O’Gara, Hess and Eisenhart, founded in Fairfield, Ohio in 1942. It specializes in armouring limousines for presidents and heads of state.

President William McKinley was the first US president to ride in an automobile. However, it was President Theodore Roosevelt who rode on the first government-owned car, a white Stanley Steamer. Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, was the first president to use a presidential state car that was permanently stored in the White House garage.

Meanwhile, Obama’s 2005 Chrysler 300C Hemi was auctioned on eBay with a starting bid of $100,000 and a buy-it-now price of $1,000,000. It has less than 21,000 miles on it and is in like-new condition. He leased the car in 2004 and traded it for a Ford Escape Hybrid in 2007. The car was sold to Tim O’Boyle.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Cadillac_unveils_Obama%27s_%27Beast%27,_the_2009_Presidential_State_Car&oldid=1131951”

2008 COMPUTEX Taipei: Three awards, One target

April 22nd, 2021

Monday, June 23, 2008

2008 COMPUTEX Taipei, the largest trade fair since its inception in 1982, featured several seminars and forums, expansions on show spaces to TWTC Nangang, great transformations for theme pavilions, and WiMAX Taipei Expo, mainly promoted by Taipei Computer Association (TCA). Besides of ICT industry, “design” progressively became the critical factor for the future of the other industries. To promote innovative “Made In Taiwan” products, pavilions from “Best Choice of COMPUTEX”, “Taiwan Excellence Awards”, and newly-set “Design and Innovation (d & i) Award of COMPUTEX”, demonstrated the power of Taiwan’s designs in 2008 COMPUTEX Taipei.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=2008_COMPUTEX_Taipei:_Three_awards,_One_target&oldid=1108560”

Come To The Sea, Montenegro Djenovici

April 20th, 2021

Submitted by: Nele Bogi

Come to the sea, Montenegro – Djenovici

Djenovici the idyllic place, eight kilometers from Herceg Novi. Located at the entrance to the Bay is an ideal starting point for excursions to the open sea and explore historic cities. The coast consists of sand and concrete beach equipped with benches, cabins changing, showers, umbrellas, etc..

Coast during the day adapted for swimming and sunbathing at night becomes a pleasant promenade with a variety of restaurants.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOoSj9lDYyM[/youtube]

Every day we organize boat trips Boka bay and nearby attractive places to visit and kupali tima.Bokokotorski Bay consists of four smaller bays: Toplanskog, Tivat, Risan and Kotor. Toplanski and Tivat bay connects Kumbor Strait and the Strait of Risan and Tivat Verige. Kotor Bay region is characterized by Mediterranean climate, and the specific microclimate with 200 days of sunshine a year, the average sea temperature in summer of 22-28 C and very high daily air temperatures, allowing about five months, the swimming season.

In the winter — Holiday Mimosa — Mimosa Festival is a manifestation of the glory of flowers – mimosa flower, which in our community thrives abundantly in time when the rest of Europe is covered with snow. This is an event that was established and survives in the tradition of carnival, once very typical for this region, where a specific spice give young Novljanka called majorettes and bleh music popularly known as “urban music”, with its music performances. The festival takes place a number of tourist, entertainment, cultural, sporting and other various programs. All this and many other information on the website: www.jovanodzic.info Sea, Montenegro, rooms, apartments, rental, summer, summer tourism, winter tourism, Jovan Odzic, rooms and apartments, swimming, holiday mimosa, mimosa, beaches, Djenovici, Herceg Novi, Kotor, Boka Bay, White , Baosic, Zelenika Meljine, Igalo, sun, vacation, reservation, cheap, cheap, 2011, festival, majorettes, bleh music, boat, yacht, boat, ski, kayak, boat rental, showers, diving, fishing, summer 2011 , Winter 2011, air conditioning, three-bed apartments, single apartments, double rooms, triple rooms, air conditioned, parking, ceremony, flowers, offers, price list, price list, contact, tanning, cheap holiday, cheap winter holidays, tourism, tourists, fun, fun, come to the sea, the best services, boat, sunset, coast, horizon, welcome, home, about us, offers, price list, pictures, contacts, apartments and rooms, under the highway, in ponudismestaj winter festival, a holiday mimosa , days mimosa, welcome. Every day we organize boat trips Boka bay and nearby attractive places to visit and kupali tima.Bokokotorski Bay consists of four smaller bays: Toplanskog, Tivat, Risan and Kotor. Toplanski and Tivat bay connects Kumbor Strait and the Strait of Risan and Tivat Verige. Kotor Bay region is characterized by Mediterranean climate, and the specific microclimate with 200 days of sunshine a year, the average sea temperature in summer of 22-28 C and very high daily air temperatures, allowing about five months, the swimming season.

In the winter — Holiday Mimosa — Mimosa Festival is a manifestation of the glory of flowers – mimosa flower, which in our community thrives abundantly in time when the rest of Europe is covered with snow. This is an event that was established and survives in the tradition of carnival, once very typical for this region, where a specific spice give young Novljanka called majorettes and bleh music popularly known as “urban music”, with its music performances. The festival takes place a number of tourist, entertainment, cultural, sporting and other various programs. All this and many other information on the website: www.jovanodzic.info

“Winter tourism – in a warm atmosphere” Djenovici, Montenegro

Held in February in the event “Mimosa Festival”. the glory of Mimosa blossom. This is the Carnival which give a specific flavor “majorettes” and bleh music. The festival takes place a number of tourist, entertainment, cultural, sporting and other various programs. Comfortable accommodation during the event we offer the best prices. Check the website: www.jovanodzic.info

About the Author: “Winter tourism – in a warm atmosphere” Djenovici, MontenegroHeld in February in the event “Mimosa Festival”. the glory of Mimosa blossom. This is the Carnival which give a specific flavor “majorettes” and bleh

music.Com

fortable accommodation.Check the website:jovanodzic.info

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Algeria blocks internet across nation to prevent cheating in diploma exams

April 19th, 2021

Saturday, June 23, 2018

In order to prevent cheating in high school diploma exams, the Algerian government ordered a series of two-hour nation-wide internet blockades, starting on Wednesday, reports from tech giant Oracle and Agence France-Presse confirmed.

Per the blockage, neither the cellular nor the wired data connections are to provide internet access during the exam hours. Social networking website Facebook has been blocked for the entire period. More than 500 thousand students had to appear for re-examination in June 2016 after question papers were leaked on Facebook. During the re-examinations, there were partial bans on Facebook and Twitter, and during that month, multiple employees working at the education ministry and the exam printers were arrested on suspicion of leaking the exams.

CCTV cameras have been installed at the locations where the exam question papers are printed, and metal detectors have been installed in over 2000 exam centres. According to various reports, around 700 thousand students are due to take the exams, whose results are expected to be declared a month later from July 22. Electronic gadgets are banned from the exam centres.

National education minister Nouria Benghabrit said the decision for the nation-wide blockade was “not comfortable” for the ministry, but it “should not passively stand in front of such a possible leak.” According to internet service provider Algérie Télécom, the move was “aimed at ensuring the high school diploma tests run smoothly.”

Other countries including India and Iraq also have a record of using internet blackouts as preventative measures against cheating during exams.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Algeria_blocks_internet_across_nation_to_prevent_cheating_in_diploma_exams&oldid=4550378”

Judge orders residents and city to come to agreement on partially collapsed building in Buffalo, New York

April 18th, 2021

Thursday, June 19, 2008

Buffalo, New York —Judge Justice Christopher Burns of the New York State Supreme Court has ordered a halt to an emergency demolition on a 19th century stable and livery on 428-430 Jersey Street in Buffalo, New York that partially collapsed on Wednesday June 11, initially causing at least 15 homes to be evacuated. At least two homes remain evacuated.

Burns orders that both the city and the group Save The Livery (www.savethelivery.com) have to come to an agreement on what to do with the building, and try to work out ways of saving at least some portions if it including the facade, side walls and a lift tower. Save The Livery is comprised of concerned area residents who have grown to love the building’s historic and unique character. On June 14, they won a temporary restraining order to stop demolition. The court ruled that the city was only allowed to remove material in immediate danger to residents and pedestrians, but stated that the demolition could only be performed with “hand tools.” The court also ordered that any rubble which had fallen into neighboring yards when the building collapsed, to be removed.

“It is in the interest of the city to have a safe environment–but also important to maintain a sense of historical preservation,” stated Burns in his ruling. Burns has given the sides until tomorrow (Friday June 20) to come to an agreement and has ordered both parties to return to court at 9:30 a.m. (eastern time) “sharp.” Activists of Save The Livery urge supporters of the stable to “fill the courtroom” to show “continued and ongoing support.” The hearing is scheduled to take place at 25 Delaware Avenue in the Supreme Court building, 3rd Floor, trial part 19.

Currently the building is owned by Bob Freudenheim who has several building violations against him because of the buildings poor condition. He has received at least five violations in three months and residents who live near the building state that Freudenheim should be “100% responsible” for his actions. Many are afraid that if the building is demolished, Freudenheim’s charges of neglect will be abolished.

On June 17, developer and CEO of Savarino Companies, Sam Savarino was at the site of the stable, discussing the building with residents and preservationists. In 2006, Savarino proposed and planned The Elmwood Village Hotel, a ‘botique’ hotel on the Southeast corner of Elmwood and Forest Avenues. The project was later withdrawn after residents filed a lawsuit against Savarino and the city. Wikinews extensively covered the story, and contacted Savarino for his professional opinion on the building.

“[I would] love to see it preserved. I was there to see if there was anything we could do to help, to see if anything can be salvaged. I just want to see the right thing happen, and so does the city,” stated Savarino to Wikinews who added that he was allowed inside the building for a brief period.

“The side walls are beyond repair. The roof has rotted and it could come down at any time,” added Savarino who also said that the building “below the second floor appears to be stable.” He also states that the back wall of the building, which borders several homes, appears to be intact.

“Eliminating the back wall could be a problem for the neighbors. It is not unreasonable to leave at least 12 feet” of the back wall standing, added Savarino.

Savarino did not say if he was interested in buying the property, but did state, “I am sure there are a couple of people interested” in buying the property. On Thursday, Buffalo News reported that a “businessman” might be interested in purchasing the property, though Wikinews is not able to independently confirm the report. Savarino says that with the property still slated for emergency demolition, a potential buyer could face tax fees of nearly US$300,000.

Freudenheim gave the city permission to demolish the building on Thursday June 12 during an emergency Preservation Board meeting, because he would not be “rehabilitating the building anytime soon.” Freudenheim, along with his wife Nina, were part-owners of the Hotel Lenox at 140 North Street in Buffalo and were advocates to stop the Elmwood Village Hotel. They also financially supported a lawsuit in an attempt to stop the hotel from being built. Though it is not known exactly how long Freudenheim has owned the stable, Wikinews has learned that he was the owner while fighting to stop the hotel from being built. Residents say that he has been the owner for at least 22 years.

The building was first owned by a company called White Bros. and was used as a stable for a farm which once covered the land around the building for several blocks. The Buffalo Fire Department believes the building was built around 1814, while the city property database states it was built in 1870. Servants and workers of the farm were housed inside resident quarters situated at the rear of the building on what is now Summer Street, but are now cottages where area residents currently reside. Some date as far back as 1829.

At about 1950, the stable was converted into an automobile body shop and gasoline station.A property record search showed that in 1950 at least four fuel storage tanks were installed on the property. Two are listed as 550 square feet while the other two are 2,000 square feet. All of the tanks are designated as a TK4, which New York State says is used for “below ground horizontal bulk fuel storage.” The cost of installing a tank of that nature according to the state, at that time, included the tank itself, “excavation and backfill,” but did not include “the piping, ballast, or hold-down slab orring.” It is not known if the tanks are still on the property, but residents are concerned the city was not taking the precautions to find out.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Judge_orders_residents_and_city_to_come_to_agreement_on_partially_collapsed_building_in_Buffalo,_New_York&oldid=4259021”

Jersey child abuse case ‘was not covered up’

April 18th, 2021

Tuesday, February 26, 2008

Frank Walker, the chief minister of Jersey, a United Kingdom Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France, denies that there was a cover up after a child’s remains were found.

The allegations of a cover-up stem from statements by Stuart Syvret. Syvret, the former Minister for Health and Social Services for Jersey, said that “It’s a continuum that we see. It’s a culture of cover-up and concealment and tragically the recent evidence is just the latest manifestation of that.”

It has come to light that Edward Paisnel, a notorious pedophile, used to visit the Haut de la Garenne children’s home dressed as Father Christmas. Paisnel in 1971, was given a sentence of 30 years for 13 counts of assault, rape and sodomy.

Syvret says he was dismissed from his ministerial position after highlighting the “torture” of 11 to 16-year-olds in the island’s care homes. He claimed he was “sacked for whistleblowing”.

Police are currently investigating twenty-seven cases of child abuse on the island and recently discovered the body of one child at a care home Haut de la Garenne in St. Martin, and with a potential six sites in the area where more bodies may be located. The home was closed in 1986 and since 2003 it has served as a youth hostel.

Jersey’s deputy police chief, Lenny Harper said “Part of the inquiry will be the fact that a lot of the victims tried to report their assaults but for some reason or another they were not dealt with as they should be.”

Harper added that “no evidence of a cover-up of any Jersey government” has been found. “We are looking at allegations that a number of agencies didn’t deal with things as perhaps they should.”

Syvret has encouraged the government of the United Kingdom to assign independent judges to oversee any cases that result from the investigations.

Builders originally uncovered a body at the care home in 2003 but it was only since an operation investigate child abuse started in 2006 that progress has been made. An ex-minister of the States of Jersey, the parliament of the island, has criticised the handling of the case, stating that abuse cases were mishandled.

Walker told senators that all necessary resources would be use to find the abusers. “None of us imagined that children in Jersey could be abused and mistreated in the way that is being suggested,” the BBC have quoted him as saying. “I express my shock and horror that these things have apparently happened within our island.”

Specialist police from the United Kingdom have been investigating after an enquiry turned up 140 sources verifying the claims of abuse.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Jersey_child_abuse_case_%27was_not_covered_up%27&oldid=3038457”

Pa Homeowner’s Insurance Is Needed When You Buy A New Home

April 17th, 2021

By R Daniel Williams

You cannot obtain a bond on a new home as the bank won’t grant you the bond unless you have a Pennsylvania homeowner’s insurance policy which must be taken out for the full time that your bond exists. This type of insurance only covers the house itself and any outbuildings that may be on the property like the garden shed and your garage as well as any other outdoor fixtures.

When you buy a new home and you are taking out a bond one of the requirements from the bank is that you have a pa homeowner’s insurance for the full duration of the bond term. The insurance policy will cover the main building as well as the outbuildings. In addition your pool will also be covered and you must insure against fire, theft, lightening, water damage, earthquakes and so on. Make sure your policy covers everything.

If you house has a thatched roof which is very prone to burning or may even be struck by lightning you need insurance as well as a lightening conductor. You need to cover any damage which may occur to your geysers as well. Just make sure that as well as your home insurance you have full comprehensive cover for everything else as well.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbysbP7Q0aM[/youtube]

With a homeowner’s insurance policy they can separately include all the other valuables which you need to insure as well as items such as burst water pipes or maybe someone comes onto your property and vandalizes it breaking windows and so on.

Pennsylvania home Insurance companies usually send an agent out to visit the property which is to be insured and the assessor will check the property like the construction as well as the roof or thatch and check all the out buildings and will make notes of any damages as well as the condition of your buildings. A check on the suburb will also be assessed.

In order to find the best policy that suits your requirements you have to shop around which can be tiring but well worth it in the end and every one that you contact ask as many questions as possible like what does the homeowners insurance policy include, are there restrictions and what benefits do you get from the policy, is the house paid for by the insurance on death.

You also need to find out how much you have to pay in if you need to make a claim and for how long will the premiums last for, will it be a year or shorter at the same price and will the premiums go up if yes by how much will the cost go up.

Also make sure you look into what kind of reputation the Pennsylvania homeowner’s insurance company has and when making a claim do they pay out promptly or do they run with a load of excuses. Find the best deal you can as home insurance can be rather costly so research will ultimately save you money even though it could take some time to find a reputable company it is well worth the effort.

About the Author: Univ of Pitt Grad 1984 Founded Williams Agency 1986 Offering Big Savings on Pennsylvania Homeowners Insurance

Better Rates on Pennsylvania Homeowners Insurance

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Teaching Intelligent Design: Incumbent Dover PA school board fails reelection

April 16th, 2021

Wednesday, November 9, 2005

The Dover, Pennsylvania school board became the first to mandate inclusion of Intelligent Design in a public school biology curriculum. For this year’s November 8 election, Republicans fielded a pro-Intelligent Design slate of candidates including some returning candidates who had previously voted to include a statement about Intelligent Design in the biology curriculum. A mixed slate of Democrat and Republican candidates came forward as an alternative group of school board candidates, the Dover CARES coalition. They proposed to remove Intelligent Design from the biology curriculum but allow discussion of Intelligent Design in courses dealing with philosophy and comparative religion.

All eight open school board seats were won by Dover CARES coalition candidates. Two candidates who had previously voted as school board members to include intelligent design in the public school science curriculum received the fewest votes in Tuesday’s election. One of the newly elected board members is Bryan Rehm, a parent of a Dover school student. Rehm, along with ten other parents, initiated a law suit against the school board for its decision to insert Intelligent Design into the science curriculum.

In October 2004, the Dover school board decided that Intelligent Design is a scientific theory that should be mentioned in biology classes that include discussion of biological evolution as part of the course content. The board mandated that a statement should be read in those classes stating “Intelligent Design is an explanation of the origin of life,” and “The school leaves the discussion of the Origins of Life to individual students and their families.”

The school board’s statement on Intelligent Design directs students to the book Of Pandas and People as a source of information “for students who might be interested in gaining an understanding of what Intelligent Design actually involves.” This book is published by the Foundation for Thought and Ethics, a non-profit organization founded for the purpose of “promoting and publishing textbooks presenting a Christian perspective.”

Parents of some Dover public school students filed a lawsuit against the school board, charging that including the school board’s statement on Intelligent Design was an attempt to introduce religion into the science curriculum. The book Of Pandas and People says, “Intelligent design means that various forms of life began abruptly through an intelligent agency.” The original complaint in the law suit against the school board claimed that “Intelligent design is a non-scientific argument or assertion.”

The US District Court Judge John Jones, who heard the non-jury case, hopes to make his ruling by the end of the year. The evidence phase of the trial ended on November 4, 2005.

A local Dover newspaper, the York Daily Record, editorialized that Dover voters should take trial testimony into account during the general election when they could cast votes for school board members along with other elective offices.

Biology teachers in the Dover schools have refused to read the school board’s statement on Intelligent Design to students because the Pennsylvania state code for education states that “The professional educator may not knowingly and intentionally misrepresent subject matter.” In a letter to their administrator, the teachers stated their view that “Intelligent design is not science.” School administrators have been reading the school board’s Intelligent Design statement to students in Dover public schools.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Teaching_Intelligent_Design:_Incumbent_Dover_PA_school_board_fails_reelection&oldid=1407194”

News briefs:July 14, 2010

April 15th, 2021
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Short Leg Syndrome, Part Two

April 14th, 2021

Submitted by: Erik Dalton

A highly debated postural issue begging for a logicalrational explanation is the short right-leg syndrome (Fig. 1). Although an inferred alertness of right-sided limb-length shortness has existed for centuries, along with decades of published research, no one has provided a universally acceptable answer to two very important questions:

1. Why the unusual regularity of short right legs seen in clinic?

2. How does this common postural pattern cause compensatory hip, back and pelvic pain?

Let s embark by reviewing notable research regarding functional and structural short right legs and then discuss theories, assessments and corrections that help deal with this troublesome disorder. As Sir William Osler once stated, In order to treat something, we must first be able to recognize it. Any endeavor to tackle limb-length discrepancy and associated compensations, armed with inadequate evaluation tools, surely will lead to failure and frustration. In the absence of radiographic measurements, massage therapists must develop keen palpatory and visual skills for detecting osseous and soft-tissue dysfunction. Aberrant patterns are best known and classified using the acronym

ART: Asymmetry, Restriction of motion, and Tissue-texture abnormality. Although several tests and treatment modalities have proven successful in treating short legs and associated compensations, we ll focus on only a few fundamental myoskeletal techniques that add to your toolbox of touch.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXnQHpp-q-k[/youtube]

Fig. 1. Anatomic (structural) short right leg

Fig. 2. Short right leg producing contralateral pelvic rotation.

Fig. 3. Low right-femoral head and sacral base with compensatory lumbar scoliosis (sidebent left, rotated right).

Leg Length and Back Pain

In two deftly designed studies (1962 and 1983), Denslow and Chase measured leg-length discrepancy in 361 and 294 subjects presenting with low back pain.1 Using the most advanced radiographic technology currently available, their papers (published in the American Academy of Osteopathy) reported the following findings concerning limb-length discrepancy:

Substantial incidence of short right legs (66 percent);

Lumbar convexity to the short leg side (sidebent left rotated right); and

A high correlation illustrating contralateral (left) pelvic rotation. (Fig. 2)

By comparing sagittal-plane femoral-head height and sacral base angulation (Fig. 3), the authors decided that innominate bones rotate around the sacrum (iliosacral tilt). Transverse plane images showed that the pelvis also can rotate as a block around the vertical lumbar spine. Denslow and Chase s pioneering work helped biomedical researchers comprehend how shortened limbs torsion the pelvis, creating painful lumbar compensations. Their data not only confirmed leg-length findings conducted by previous researchers but also prompted new, more sophisticated imaging studies. In 2004, John H. Juhl, DO, testified that 68 percent of 421 low back pain patients presented radiographically with short right legs.2

Functional Leg-Length Assessments

Through the years, manual therapists have made available many creative ways to differentiate functional (fixable) from structural (true) limb-length differences. Screening exams taught in educational programs often place too much importance on supine leg-length assessment in determining pelvic disorders. Frequently, one leg will appear shorter during visual observation of the supine client s medial malleoli (Fig. 4) when, in fact, the leg lengths actually are equal or just the opposite of how they appear radiographically when standing. For instance, in the presence of a true (structural) short right leg, standing ASIS measurements should show an inferior slope on the short side. However, when the client lies supine (removed from vertical gravitational compression), the left leg may suddenly test shorter than the right. While many factors may contribute to this finding, one of the most common culprits is length/strength imbalance in deep intrinsic postural muscles such as the quadratus lumborum (QL). When unilaterally short and tight, the QL can hip hike the left ilium as the client begins to have an off-weighted supine posture. Awkwardness mounts as the left leg now appears shorter than the right.

Figure 5 presents an useful contract/relax/assist maneuver to lengthen the hypercontracted left QL.

About the Author: Erik Dalton, PhD.Massage Therapy Home Study at

erikdalton.com

erikdalton@aol.com800-709-5054 / 405-728-4844

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